The plant is grown mainly in South America, more specifically in Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and South Brazil. The Guarani are reputed to be the first people who cultivated the plant; the first Europeans doing this were Jesuit missionaries, who spread the drinking habit as far as Ecuador.
The infused tea has a pungent taste like a cross between green tea and coffee, with hints of tobacco and oak. Sugar or honey are frequently added if desired.
The primary active xanthine in mate is "mateine", which they say is similar to caffeine but with fewer of its negative effects, it is another name, like guaranine, for caffeine, also containing Vitamin A, C, E, B11, B2, Carotene, Calcium, Iron, Potassium, 15 different amino acid compounds, antioxident polyphenols, & much more.
Researchers at Florida International University in Miami have found that yerba mate does contain caffeine, but some people seem to tolerate it better; it is reported that drinking yerba mate does not prevent them from being able to fall asleep, as is often the case with some more common stimulating beverages, while still enhancing their energy and ability to remain awake at will.